Everything about Jebel Barkal totally explained
Jebel Barkal or
Gebel Barkal (
Arabic: جبل بركل) is a small
mountain located some 400 km north of
Khartoum, in
Sudan, on a large bend of the
Nile River, in the region called
Nubia. Around
1450 BC, the
Egyptian Pharaoh Thutmose III extended his empire to that region and considered Gebel Barkal its southern limit. There, he campaigned near the city of
Napata that, about 300 years later, became the capital of the independent kingdom of
Kush. The 25th Dynasty Nubian king
Piye later greatly enlarged the New Kingdom Temple of Amun in this city and erected his Year 20 Victory stela within it.
The ruins around Gebel Barkal include at least 13 temples and 3 palaces, that were for the first described by
European explorers in the
1820s, although only in
1916 were
archeological excavations started by
George Reisner under a joint expedition of
Harvard University and the
Museum of Fine Arts of
Boston. From the
1970’s, explorations continued by a team from the
University of Rome La Sapienza, under the direction of Sergio Donadoni, that was joined by another team from the Boston Museum, in the
1980’s, under the direction of Timothy Kendall. The larger temples, such that of
Amun, are even today considered sacred to the local population.
For these reasons, the mountain, together with the
historical city of
Napata and other ancient sites, were considered by
UNESCO, in
2003,
World Heritage Sites.
The mountain is 98 m tall, has a flat top, and apparently was used as a landmark by the traders in the important route between
central Africa,
Arabia, and
Egypt, as the point where it was easier to cross the great river.
Pictures of Jebel Barkal and the pyramids
Image:Jebel_barkal_rock.jpg|Jebel Barkal
Image:Jebel_barkal_sunset.jpg|Pyramides nabij Jebel Barkal
Image:Barkal pyramids south.jpg|Pyramids in the southern group
Further Information
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